Effects of Oak Leaf Extract, Biofertilizer, and Soil Containing Oak Leaf Powder on Tomato Growth and Biochemical Characteristics under Water Stress Conditions

Drought stress is one of the most significant abiotic stresses on sustainability global agriculture. The finding natural resources essential for decreasing need artificial fertilizers and boosting plant growth yield under water conditions. This study used a factorial experimental design to investigate effects oak leaf extract, biofertilizer, soil containing powder biochemical parameters four tomato genotypes throughout pre-flowering pre-fruiting stages development. experiment had two components. first component represented (two sensitive tolerant), while second treatment group, which included irrigated plants (SW), untreated stressed (SS), treated with (SOS), extract (SOES), biofertilizers (SOBS). When compared or control plants, drought treatments SS, SOS, SOES, SOBS conditions at their combination significantly lowered shoot length (12.95%), total fruit weight per (33.97%), relative content (14.05%), chlorophyll (26.30%). reduction values (17.58%), fresh (22.08%), (42.61%) were larger in tolerant genotypes, recorded percentages 8.36, 8.88, 25.32% length, weight, plant, respectively. Root root dry SOBS, other hand, increased comparison plants. Tomato fruits from considerably higher levels titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds than during all stages. Under conditions, addition soil, biofertilizer improved leaves genotypes. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation was lower SOES susceptible In conclusion, application demonstrated slight decrease some morpho-physiological physicochemical traits SS treatment. However, can be described as novel agricultural practices because they are low-cost, easy use, time-consuming, meet growing demands sector by providing environmentally sustainable techniques enhancing resistance stress. usage crude powder, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus should investigated further